Dùng để diễn tả: (không còn diễn ra hoặc ảnh hưởng tới hiện tại).
a. Một việc đã xảy ra và đã xong hẳn, trong câu có trạng từ chỉ rõ thời gian quá khứ, như: yesterday, last week, last year, vv…
The students came to see me yesterday.
I came home at 9 o’clock last night.
I went to the library last night.
It was rainy yesterday: hôm qua trời có mưa
He met me in 1999.
She came to the U.S. five years ago.
He played football last Sunday: anh ấy chơi bóng vào chủ nhật tuần trước
b. Một thói quen hay một khả năng trong quá khứ (hiện tại ko còn nữa )
She sang very well, when she was young.
Khi còn trẻ, cô ấy hát rất hay
When I was a child, I cried all day.
Khi cDn b3, tMi d% khCc suHt ng#y)
When they saw the accident, they called the police.
Khi họ nhìn thấy tai nạn, họ đã gọi cảnh sát.
Cụm và từ ngữ chỉ thời gian: last night, last year, last time, etc., ago, in 1999, today, yesterday, then = at that time, in the 1800's, in the 19th century, when, and for (two days ago, three months ago, long long ago...)
Từ nhận biết: yesterday, yesterday morning, last week, las month, last year, last night.
In the past, in those days, ....
Today đôi khi được dùng ở thì hiện tại tiếp diễn và tương lai đơn. For đôi khi được dùng ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành (present perfect).
Công thức:
Động từ thường:
Khẳng định
|
S + V-ed + (O)
S +V bất quy tắc cột 2 + O
|
(V: động từ nguyên mẫu ko có to, theo ngôi)
|
Phủ định
|
S + did not/didn't + V + (O)
| |
Nghi vấn
|
Did + S + V + (O)?
Didn't + S + V + (O)?
Hoặc Did + S + not + V + (O)?
|
N.B. Toàn bộ các ngôi (Chủ ngữ) được chia như nhau/giống nhau (Không phân biệt ngôi, thứ)
Cách thêm ed
Động từ thường thêm ed
Nếu tận cùng bằng y và có một phụ âm đi trước “y” thì (y à ied)
Ngoại lệ: dye + ed = dyed
travel + ed = travelled ho,c travled
Khi trước y là nguyên âm thì: thêm ed
Tận cùng bằng một phụ âm và đi trước là một nguyên âm, thì hãy gấp đôi phụ âm rồi mới thêm ed
Fit – Fitted, Stop – stopped, Drop – Dropped
Động từ nhấn âm cuối thì nhân đôi:
Visit – Visited (Vì visit khi đọc, nhấn mạnh vào vần thứ nhất)
Prefer – Preferred (Vì prefer khi đọc, nhấn mạnh vào vần thứ hai)
Cuối là âm e thì thêm d
C"ch dGc:
+ C"c -m cuHi cC d&ng t, d khi th8m ed th? dGc l#: <thBt d, dBt d>
V> dX: limited (l> mBt thBt d)
+ C"c -m cuHi cC d&ng p, f, k, s, sh, ch khi th8m ed th? dGc l#: <t>
V> dX: liked, booked, watched, looked, ...
+ CDn l&i c"c dLng t[ kh"c khi th8m ed th? dGc th#nh -m d
V> dX: traveled, bowed, smiled, cared, ...
M7o:
- 1 nguy8n, 1 phX nh-n dMi
- e[ng nh-n WHY, X nh.n -m tr8n v/n
- t>t d>t, cDn l&i dGc dP
- eGc tP: p, f, khMng, sUng, shoot chi
- CuHi cUng cDn ph$i kh(c ghi
- eJi i e d>d (ied) phX -m y d#i
Ví dụ tổng quát:
Khẳng định
|
I learnt English at school.
| |
Phủ định
|
I did not learn English at school.
I didn't learn English at school.
|
did not = didn't
|
Nghi vấn
|
Did you learn English at school?
Didn't you learn English at school?
Did you see her yesterday?
Hôm qua bạn có gặp cô ấy ko?
No, I didn’t
|
Lee worked in a bank from 2000 to 2010 (tu thau dần then)
Lee làm việc cho một ngân hàng từ năm 2000 đến năm 2011
He went to Spain last year.
Bob bought a new bicyle yesterday.
Maria did her homework last night.
Mark washed the dishes after dinner.
We drove to the grocery store this afternoon.
George cooked dinner for his family Saturday night.
He went to Spain last year.
Bob bought a new bicyle yesterday.
Maria did her homework last night.
Mark washed the dishes after dinner.
We drove to the grocery store this afternoon.
George cooked dinner for his family Saturday night.
I watched TV last night.
THi qua, tMi d% xem tivi.
- I washed my clothes yesterday. (HMm qua tMi d% gi,t qu/n "o cVa m?nh.)
- She studied her lesson yesterday. (HMm qua cM .y d% hGc b#i.)
- I took a cake yesterday.
(HMm qua, tMi d% l.y mLt c"i b"nh)
- I ate a cake yesterday.
(HMm qua, tMi d% 'n mLt c"i b"nh)
- I watched TV last night.
(THi qua tMi d% xem TiVi.)
- He watched TV last night.
(THi qua anh .y d% xem TiVi.)
- I didn't watch TV last night.
(THi qua tMi d% khMng xem TiVi.)
- He didn't watch TV last night.
(THi qua anh .y d% khMng xem TiVi.)
- Didn't he watch TV last night?
(THi qua anh .y d% khMng xem TiVi #?)
Yes, he did.
No, he didn't.
Khẳng định
|
He learnt English at school.
| |
Phủ định
|
He did not learn English at school.
He didn't learn English at school.
|
did not = didn't
|
Nghi vấn
|
Did he learn English at school?
Didn't he learn English at school?
|
Cách dùng " Used to" trong thời QKT:
Used to: được dùng trong thời quá khứ đơn (nghĩa là: "đã từng") để chỉ hành động/thói quen trong quá khứ, và đã chấm dứt trong quá khứ.
Khẳng định
|
He used to play the guitar when he was a student.
| |
Phủ định
|
He did not use to play the guitar when he was a student.
He didn't use to play the guitar when he was a student.
|
did not = didn't
|
Nghi vấn
|
Did he use to play the guitar when he was a student?
Didn’t he use to play the guitar when he was a student?
|
To be
Câu khẳng định:
S + was/were + O
Chủ ngữ số ít
I/he/she/it/ danh từ ko đếm được, danh từ số ít + was + hoặc wasn’t
Chủ ngữ số nhiều
We/you/they/ dt số nhiều + were hoặc weren’t
They weren’t in Hanoi last week. They were in london
Tuần trước họ ko ở hà nội. họ ở luân đôn
Câu phủ định
S + was + not = wasn't + O
S + were + not = weren't + O
Câu nghi vấn:
Was/were + S + O
Was/were + S + not + O
Wasn't/weren't + S + O
was + i/he/she/it/ danh từ ko đếm được, danh từ số ít
were + we/you/they/ dt số nhiều
was she at home last night?
Tối qua cô ấy có ở nhà hay không?
No, she wasn’t
Câu có từ để hỏi
Wh…. + was/were + S…?
Where was she last weekend?
Cuối tuần trước cô ấy đã ở đâu?
Yes, S was. _No, S wasn't. _No, S was not.
To Have
1) Kh*ng dBnh:
S + had + O
2) PhV dBnh:
I, you, he, she, it, we, they + hadn't = had not
I, you, he, she, it, we, they + didn't have = did not have
3) Nghi v.n:
| hadn't S.....?
| had S not.....?
| did S have.....?
| didn't S have.....?
| did S not have.....?
Yes, S had. _No, S hadn't. _No, S had not.
Yes, S did. _No, S didn't. _No, S did not.
To Do
1) Kh*ng dBnh:
S + did
He did his exercises yesterday.
(HMm qua, anh .y d% l#m b#i t2p)
I did my exercises yesterday.
(HMm qua, tMi d% l#m b#i t2p)
2) PhV dBnh:
S + didn't do
S + did not do
He didn't do his exercises yesterday.
(HMm qua, anh .y d% khMng l#m b#i t2p.)
I didn't do my exercises yesterday.
(HMm qua, tMi d% khMng l#m b#i t2p.)
3) Nghi v.n:
did S do.....?
didn't S do.....?
did S not do.....?
Didn't he do his lesson yesterday?
(HMm qua anh .y d% khMng hGc b#i #?)
Yes, he did.
No, he didn't.
Can
1) Kh*ng dBnh:
S + could
I could swim last year. (N'm ngo"i, tMi d% cC th; bNi)
He could swim last year. (N'm ngo"i, h(n d% cC th; bNi)
2) PhV dBnh:
S + couldn't
S + could not
I couldn't come there yesterday.
(HMm qua tMi d% khMng th; d9n dC.)
They couldn't come there yesterday.
(HMm qua hG d% khMng th; d9n dC.)
3) Nghi v.n:
couldn't S.....?
could S not.....?
Couldn't you come there yesterday?
(HMm qua b&n d% khMng th; d9n dC #?)
Couldn't they come there yesterday?
(HMm qua hG d% khMng th; d9n dC #?)
Yes,S could.
No, S couldn't.
May
1) Kh*ng dBnh:
S + might have + PP + O (PP: Phân từ quá khứ)
I might have eaten that cake yesterday.
(TMi cC l6 d% 'n c"i b"nh dC hMm qua.)
2) PhV dBnh:
S + mightn't have + PP.......
S + might not have + PP.......
- I might not have eaten that cake yesterday.
(TMi cC l6 d% khMng 'n c"i b"nh dC hMm qua.)
- I mightn't have eaten that cake yesterday.
(TMi cC l6 d% khMng 'n c"i b"nh dC hMm qua.)
3) Nghi v.n:
Might S have + PP.......?
Mightn't I have + PP.......?
Might I not have + PP.......?
Might you not have eaten that cake yesterday?
(B&n cC l6 d% khMng 'n c"i b"nh dC hMm qua #?)
Yes, I might.
No, I mightn't.
eLng T[ B.t Quy T(c
Khi chia ở quá khứ vào các ngôi thì dùng cột 2 của bảng động từ bất quy tắc
Eat ate eaten: ăn
I ate that cake yesterday.
(HMm qua tMi d% 'n c"i b"nh dC.)
She ate that cake yesterday.
(HMm qua cM .y d% 'n c"i b"nh dC.)
I didn't eat that cake last night.
(THi qua tMi d% khMng 'n c"i b"nh dC.)
He didn't eat that cake last night.
(THi qua anh .y d% khMng 'n c"i b"nh dC.)
Didn't you eat that cake last night?
(THi qua b&n d% khMng 'n c"i b"nh dC #?)
Yes, I did.
No, I didn't.
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