The Simple Present Tense (Hi=n)
DUng SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE trong c"c trYPng hSp sau d-y:
1) Trong nh]ng quy lu2t cVa t^ nhi8n:
- The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
(M,t trPi mGc Q hYOng eMng v# l,n Q hYOng T-y)
- Water boils at 100 C. (NYOc sMi Q 100 dL C)
2) Khi nCi v: thCi quen Q hi=n t&i:
- I usually get up at five. (TMi thYPng thZc d2y lTc 5 giP)
- I go to school everyday. (H#ng ng#y, tMi d9n trYPng)
3) Trong nh]ng vi=c cC t>nh c"ch thPi khCa bi;u:
- The train to HUE
(Chuy9n xe l\a di Hu9 khQi h#nh lTc 6.30)
4) Ph"t bi;u c$m tYQng:
- I like fish. I don't like meat.
(TMi th>ch c", tMi khMng th>ch thBt)
5) DUng trong ch@ d1n: (Instructions)
- Take one tablet twice a day.
* C"ch chia dLng t[ Q th? n#y l#:
eLng t[ nguy8n th; <To Be>: (l#, th?) khi chia v#o c"c ngMi
nC cC d&ng nhY sau:
___________________________________
| NgMi + <to be> = _ nghAa
|-------|----------|----------------
| I + am = TMi l#
| you + are = Anh l#
| he + is = Anh .y l#
| she + is = CM .y l#
| it + is = NC l#
| we + are = ChTng tMi l#
| you + are = C"c anh l#
| they + are = HG l#
|___________________________________
- Trong c-u: -I am a pupil. (TMi l# mLt hGc sinh)
T[ am l# dLng t[ d% bB chia rIi.
eLng t[ nguy8n th; <To Do>: l#m.
khi chia v#o c"c ngMi nC cC d&ng nhY sau:
___________________________________
| NgMi + <to do> = _ nghAa
|-------|----------|----------------
| I + do = TMi l#m
| you + do = Anh l#m
| he + does = Anh .y l#m
| she + does = CM .y l#m
| it + does = NC l#m
| we + do = ChTng tMi l#m
| you + do = C"c anh l#m
| they + do = HG l#m
|___________________________________
V> dX: -He does his exercises. (Anh .y l#m b#i t2p)
- I do my exercises. (TMi l#m b#i t2p)
eLng t[ nguy8n th; <To have>: cC.
khi chia v#o c"c ngMi nC cC d&ng nhY sau:
___________________________________
| NgMi + <to have> = _ nghAa
|-------|----------|----------------
| I + have = TMi cC
| you + have = Anh cC
| he + has = Anh .y cC
| she + has = CM .y cC
| it + has = NC cC
| we + have = ChTng tMi cC
| you + have = C"c anh cC
| they + have = HG cC
|___________________________________
- I have a book. (TMi cC mLt quy;n s"ch)
- He has a book. (Anh .y cC mLt quy;n s"ch)
eLng t[ nguy8n th; To go: ei.
khi chia v#o c"c ngMi nC cC d&ng nhY sau:
___________________________________
| NgMi + <to go> = _ nghAa
|-------|----------|---------------
| I + go = TMi di
| you + go = Anh di
| he + goes = Anh .y di
| she + goes = CM .y di
| it + goes = NC di
| we + go = ChTng tMi di
| you + go = C"c anh di
| they + go = HG di
|__________________________________
- She goes to school. (CM .y di d9n trYPng)
- They go to school. (HG di d9n trYPng)
eLng t[ khi9m khuy9t Can: CC th;.
khi chia v#o c"c ngMi nC khMng dJi d&ng:
_____________________________________
| NgMi + <Can> = _ nghAa
|-------|---------|-------------------
| I + can = TMi cC th;
| you + can = Anh cC th;
| he + can = Anh .y cC th;
| she + can = CM .y cC th;
| it + can = NC cC th;
| we + can = ChTng tMi cC th;
| you + can = C"c anh cC th;
| they + can = HG cC th;
|_____________________________________
- I can swim. (TMi cC th; bNi)
- She can swim. (CM .y cC th; bNi)
eLng t[ khi9m khuy9t May: CC l6.
eLng t[ khi9m khuy9t Must: ph$i.
khi chia v#o c"c ngMi nC khMng dJi d&ng:
____________________________
| NgMi + <May> <must>
|-------|---------|---------
| I | may | must
| you | may | must
| he | may | must
| she | may | must
| it | may | must
| we | may | must
| you | may | must
| they | may | must
|___________________________
- I must go. (TMi ph$i di)
- She may be a teacher. (CM .y cC l6 l# gi"o vi8n)
Ngo&i tr[ c"c dLng t[ d% nCi Q tr8n, cDn l&i c"c dLng t[
kh"c khi chia v#o c"c ngMi d:u tu-n theo quy t(c:
<Th8m S Q ngMi: He, She, It>
V> dX:
eLng t[ nguy8n th; To Speak: nCi.
khi chia v#o c"c ngMi nC cC d&ng nhY sau:
______________________________________
| NgMi + <to speak> = _ nghAa
|-------|-------------|----------------
| I + speak = TMi nCi
| you + speak = Anh nCi
| he + speaks = Anh .y nCi
| she + speaks = CM .y nCi
| it + speaks = NC nCi
| we + speak = ChTng tMi nCi
| you + speak = C"c anh nCi
| they + speak = HG nCi
|______________________________________
- She speaks English. (CM .y nCi ti9ng Anh)
- We speak English. (ChTng tMi nCi ti9ng Anh)
___________________________________
Th#nh L2p C-u PhV eBnh
- ----------------------------------
1) eHi vOi: Can, May, Must v# <to be> th?:
Sau khi chia, th8m <not> v#o ph>a sau:
- I am not a teacher. (TMi khMng ph$i l# gi"o vi8n)
- She is not a pupil.
- We can not swim.
- He may not enter the room.
- You must not go to the door.
(B&n khMng dYSc di d9n c\a)
2) C"c dLng t[ cDn l&i th?:
- Chia dLng t[ to do cho chV t[.
- Th8m not.
- Th8m dLng t[ ch>nh D&ng <Bare Infinitive>.
V> dX:
- I do not speak English. (TMi khMng nCi ti9ng Anh)
- You do not do your exercises. (B&n khMng l#m b#i t2p)
- He does not speak English. (Speak khMng th8m S n]a)
- He does not go to school. (Go, chZ khMng ph$i l# goes)
- They do not say that. (HG khMng nCi nhY th9)
- She does not eat that cake. (CM .y khMng 'n c"i b"nh dC)
Note:
- e; th#nh l2p th; PhV eBnh n#y, ngYPi ta d% dUng
<To Do> + <not> d; hK trS. V? th9 <To Do> cDn dYSc gGi l# <TrS dLng t[> hay <TrS T[>.
- <to speak>, <to play> v.v... l# d&ng INFINITIVE.
- <speak>, <play>, <do> v.v... l# d&ng Bare INFINITIVE.
+ Ri8ng dHi vOi <to have> cC th; dUng 2 c"ch PhV dBnh:
- KhMng dUng trS t[: -He has not a book.
- DUng trS t[: -He does not have a book.
- I am Vi9t t(t l#: I'm
- You are: You're
- He is: He's
- She is: She's
- It is: It's
- We are: We're
- They are: They're
- I have: I've
- You have: You've
- He has: He's
- She has: She's
- It has: It's
- We have: We've
- They have: They've
- Have not: Haven't
- Has not: Hasn't
- Is not: Isn't
- Do not: Don't
- Does not: Doesn't
- Can not: Can't
- Must not: Mustn't
- May not: Mayn't
___________________________________________
Th#nh L2p C-u HEi
- ------------------------------------------
1) eHi vOi: Can, May v# <to be> th?:
Sau khi chia, d$o dLng t[ l8n d/u c-u:
- Is she a pupil? (CM .y cC l# hGc sinh khMng?)
- Is she not a pupil? (CM .y khMng l# hGc sinh #?)
- Isn't she a pupil? (CM .y khMng l# hGc sinh #?)
- Can they swim? (HG cC th; bNi khMng?)
- May he enter the room? (Anh .y cC v#o phDng khMng?)
- Am I not a teacher? (TMi khMng ph$i l# gi"o vi8n #?)
- Isn't she a pupil? (CM .y khMng l# hGc sinh #?)
- Can't we swim? (ChTng tMi khMng th; bNi #?)
- Mayn't he enter the room?
- May he not enter the room?
(Anh .y khMng di v#o phDng #?)
2) C"c dLng t[ cDn l&i th?:
- Chia dLng t[ <to do> cho chV t[.
- Th8m dLng t[ ch>nh d&ng <Bare Infinitive>.
- e$o trS dLng t[ l8n d/u c-u.
V> dX:
- Do I speak English? (TMi cC nCi ti9ng Anh khMng?)
- Do you do your exercises? (B&n cC l#m b#i t2p khMng?)
- Does he speak English? (Speak khMng th8m S n]a)
- Does she go to school? (Go, chZ khMng ph$i l# goes)
- Do they say that? (HG cC nCi nhY th9 khMng?)
- Does she eat that cake? (CM .y cC 'n c"i b"nh dC khMng?)
- Don't I speak English? (TMi khMng nCi ti9ng Anh #?)
- Don't you do your exercises? (B&n khMng l#m b#i #?)
- Doesn't he speak English? (Speak khMng th8m S n]a)
- Doesn't she go to school? (Go, chZ khMng ph$i l# goes)
- Don't they say that? (HG khMng nCi th9 #?)
- Doesn't she eat that cake?(CM .y khMng 'n c"i b"nh dC #?)
Note:
+ Ri8ng dHi vOi <to have> cC th; dUng 2 c"ch HEi:
- KhMng dUng trS t[: -Has he a book?
- DUng trS t[: -Does he have a book?
+ C-u hEi d&ng n#y gGi l# <Yes/No Questions> v? ch@ cC th; tr$ lPi <Yes> ho,c <No>.
+ Khi tr$ lPi <Yes> th? khMng dUng <Not>:
- Am I not a teacher?
Yes, you are. (dTng)
No, you are not. (dTng)
Yes, you are not. (sai)
No, you are. (sai)
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